Vice President of Technology, IndiumCorporation, USA
For electronic devices, solder joints often are the weakest link in terms of reliability. The failure of solder joints may be caused by temperature, stress, electrical current, or chemical reactions, and may occur at level one and level two, depending on the device type and application conditions. In this course, the Part 1 will address the electromigration issue at die attach level for high power devices, and the Part 2 will address the solder joint behavior based on fundamental material properties and the failure modes will be introduced, with emphasis on lead-free solder joints at both level 1 and level 2.
Researcher & Development Manager, Fujifilm Electronics Materials, USA
Workshop participants will receive a detailed review of failure analysis methods and reliability testing in assembly. Quickly finding and eliminating package defects and failures due to assembly issues is critical. Package reliability directly affects manufacturing yield, time to market, product performance, customer satisfaction and cost. Many process steps and controls are needed for a high yield and reliable assembly process. A through understanding of product and technology reliability principles and mechanisms of failure is essential. Knowledge of defects and failure mechanisms enables a high yielding successful assembly process through material choices, package design, process optimization, and thermo-mechanical considerations. Fault isolation, failure analysis, and materials analysis play a major role in the improvement of yield and reliability. Coordination of engineers from many disciplines is needed in order to achieve high yield and reliability. Each engineer needs to understand the impact of their choices and methods on the final product. This workshop will discuss, using examples, mechanical and thermal failure mechanisms in assembly and detection methods.
Associate Consultant, Malaysia
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) & effective corrective actions is a popular and often-used technique that helps people answer the question of why the problem occurred in the first place and how prevention can be done to prevent recurrence. It seeks to identify the origin of a problem using a specific set of steps, with associated tools, to find the primary cause of the problem, so that you can:
• Determine what happened.
• Determine why it happened.
• Figure out what to do to reduce/prevent the likelihood that it will happen again.
RCA assumes that systems and events are interrelated. An action in one area triggers an action in another, and another, and so on. By tracing back these actions, you can discover where the problem started and how it grew into the symptom you’re now facing.
You can apply RCA & Systematic Problem Solving to almost any situation. Determining how far to go in your investigation requires good judgment and common sense. Theoretically, you could continue to trace root causes back to the Stone Age, but the effort would serve no useful purpose. Be careful to understand when you’ve found a significant cause that can, in fact, be changed.
The Root Cause Analysis & Systematic Problem Solving Process involves 6 stages/steps and linked to Define the Problem, Collect Data, Identify Possible Causal Factors, Identify the Root Cause(s) Recommend and Implement Solutions and Verifying the effectiveness of the solutions.
The root cause is “the evil at the bottom” that sets in motion the entire cause-and-effect chain causing the problem(s). Systematic Problem Solving effort is needed for a great achievement in the approach.
President & Principal Consultant, ITM Consulting, USA
The SMT Electronics Assembly Class is a practical overview of the many different processes and materials used in through-hole and surface mount technologies (SMT). It is a focused two-day long workshop, which provides students with the opportunity to learn and understand the processes, equipment, and materials used in today’s manufacture of electronic assemblies. It is taught by an experienced and knowledgeable instructor who has worked in a variety of electronics manufacturing related fields. Combining lecture, videos and discussion, this Electronic Assembly Basic Training workshop was designed to give a very comprehensive and complete ‘immersion’ into SMT and mixed technology PCB assembly. People who are new to the field as well as somewhat experienced personnel who want to “fill in the gaps” have found this workshop to be a perfect solution. As it runs only two days, it is extensive (and non- superfluous) without taking people ‘out of the shop’ for an extended period of time: learn, absorb and take that knowledge back to the manufacturing floor.
Commodity Risk Assessment Engineer, Reliability and Risk Assessment Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, USA
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the baseline for electronics manufacturing upon which electronic components are mounted and formed into electronic systems. PCBs are used in a variety of electronic circuits from simple one-transistor amplifiers to large super computers. A PCB serves three main functions:
1) it provides the necessary mechanical support for the components in the circuit
2) it provides the necessary electrical interconnections, and
3) it bears some form of legend which identifies the components it carries. The failure modes on the PCBs can be categorized in a hierarchical structure, in which the mechanisms and causes are site or location dependant.
The continuity of the electric path of a signal is critical for the functionality and reliability of PCBs. An open circuit is defined as an electrical discontinuity, and will adversely affect the functionality of the board. This well known failure mode can be induced by multiple influences such as materials, design, equipment, method, use or assembly. The physical processes by which the causes transforms into the observed effect (mechanism) will depend on the life cycle conditions as well as the location (site) on the PCB.
A short circuit will occur whenever a low resistance path is formed between conductors in the presence of a voltage potential. This can sometimes result in catastrophic damage to the PCB or the whole system with re or explosion in the worst case. This type of defect is also known to cause intermittent failures in electronic devices, which can be tedious to troubleshoot. A short circuit can be the start of a propagating fault that will burn or melt the PCB material leaving no evidence of the root cause. Failure to hold the stacked layers in the out of plane “z” direction will result in a failure mode known as delamination, which is a non- acceptable condition on PCB integrity.
This one day workshop will discuss a variety of failure mechanisms that effect the functionality of PCBs. These mechanisms can be related to how PCB materials are selected, PCBs are designed, manufactured, tested and used in the field conditions. The workshop will begin with an overview of PCB manufacturing, materials and processes. With the help of examples and case studies, a wide range of failure mechanisms will be discussed, case studies are focused on digital circuits, however some failures in analog, double sided boards are also presented. The workshop then provides the guideline for selection of methodologies for identifying potential failure mechanisms based on the failure history and how a systematic root cause failure analysis of the PCB can result in prevention of future issues.
Vice President of Technology, Indium Corporation, USA
The industry is evolving very rapidly, with multiple challenges emerging at the same time on soldering. The cost, the reliability, and the reduced process temperature. Any one failed to address any of those challenges will be left behind in this fierce competitive environment. This course will bring the answer to you, with the most updated information on the new solder materials developed, and will also help you to justify the selection of solder types which fit best for your applications. The course is divided into two parts, with part 1 addressing the cost and reliability, and part 2 address the low temperature soldering.
Researcher & Development Manager, Fujifilm Electronics Materials, USA
Participants in this workshop will receive a complete overview of current high volume manufacturing, HVM, wire bonding assembly process options and metrology challenges. Miniaturization of wire bonding is critical as the number of bond pads that must be placed per unit area increases. This requires a large leap in wire manufacturing capability and improved wire bonding tools. New challenging assembly processes including direct wirebonding to Cu pads on ULK materials will be discussed. Different methods of wire bonding such as thermosonic, ultrasonic and thermocompression will be covered in this workshop. Several options for Cu wire use are presented in the workshop.
Using easy to understand terminology an in-depth review of wire bonding processes in assembly manufacturing and first level interconnects are presented. Package and assembly technologies, wire bonding quality including wire pull and sheer test are discussed in detail. Wire bonding for chip on board, COB, applications, organic substrates, wire bonding problems using Au, Al or Cu wire and tape automated bonding are part of the class. Wire bonding infrastructure is so extensive that no other chip-interconnection technology can completely displace wire bonding in the foreseeable future.
President & Principal Consultant, ITM Consulting, USA
Phil Zarrow of ITM Consulting will present a journey through troubleshooting the most common defects in SMT with an emphasis on identifying the fundamental root causes, and an entertaining overview of best practices. This is based upon real-world problems encountered in troubleshooting process, equipment and materials problems throughout the electronics assembly industry all over the world. Case studies are used throughout the workshop.
Commodity Risk Assessment Engineer, Reliability and Risk Assessment Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, USA
Failure analysis is a vital tool in the effort to ensure reliability of electronic products and systems throughout their product lifecycle. Today, organizations involved in activities within the electronics supply chain are facing new challenges, not just from complex assembly styles, harsher lifecycle environments, and more sophisticated tools, but also from customers who are demanding a quicker turn-around. Unfortunately, root cause failure analysis is often performed incompletely, leading to a poor understanding of failure mechanisms and causes, and loss of resources and customers due to recurrence of failures. The tools and techniques applied by many test and FA labs today are geared only towards uncovering the apparent causes of failure, not necessarily the root causes. Thus, the corrective actions applied by manufacturers or end-users do not always eliminate problems. This can result in expensive, time-consuming, repeat occurrences of failures.
Root cause failure analysis employs a sequence of non-destructive and destructive analytical techniques to characterize the modes by which failure is manifested, the sites where failure is localized, the fundamental mechanical, electrical, chemical, electrochemical or radiological mechanisms by which failure has occurred, and the factors which precipitated the activation of those mechanisms. Unfortunately, failure analysis is often performed incorrectly or incompletely, leading to a poor understanding of failure mechanisms and causes, and loss of money, customers, and possibly lives due to recurrence of failures.
This two day workshop will discuss a range of topics, including root cause analysis, physics-of-failure principles and failure mechanisms in electronics. Specimen preparation techniques, non-destructive and destructive analysis, and materials characterization will also be discussed. The first day of the workshop will present methodologies for identifying potential failure mechanisms in electronics based on the failure history and, systematic approaches to root cause analysis. The second day will cover failure analysis techniques geared towards various failure mechanisms, along with numerous component and PCB assembly failure analysis case studies that illustrate the techniques and analysis. Failure analysis case studies will be used to illustrate the techniques and analysis principles to arrive at the root cause(s) of field failures on printed circuit boards, active components, and assemblies.
Vice President of Technology, Indium Corporation, USA
With abundant case studies illustrating the principle and application of Design for Manufacturability (DFM) and Design for Reliability (DFR) in advanced soldering technology, you will be able to apply both on your SMT design and process of soldering job and achieve high yield and high reliability very easily, and also be ready to face the new challenges emerged.
Researcher & Development Manager, Fujifilm Electronics Materials, USA
Flip chip packaging is not new but new technology requires more connections between the die and package, a tighter bump pitch and more functionally in the package. Tablets and smart phones all use flip chip packaging with thinned die and thin packages. All technology drivers bring new issues that must be addressed. These issues include new copper pillar bonding, bump stack material changes, tighter bump pitch, underfill flow and no-flow options, new under fill materials, thermal management with improved thermal interface materials (TIM), embedded passives, and die attach films. Wafer thinning processes and some stacked die package options will be reviewed. This workshop will begin with a discussion of current flip chip assembly. We will then discuss the new technology options and issues.
The objective of this workshop is to provide an improved understanding of current flip chip package options and assembly flows. The newer HVM package material and design options are discussed. Wafer thinning and handling including bonding and debonding methods will be covered. Dicing and handling thin wafers and die will be covered. Newer bump materials will be discussed with their impact to flip chip or stacked die package assembly.
Associate Consultant, Malaysia
Managing shop floor can be a disaster for many organisations. Lack in the skill of the people, poor communication, bad tracking of the performance, lack of best practices , poor motivation and others are common thing that we see in an under performing organisation.
As the world’s business climate changes, it is getting more difficult for us to remain competitive. Customers demand changes, technological changes, and competitive forces change. In other word, our environment has become very turbulent. With the poor shop floor management added , the organisation remain uncompetitive and further become unprofitable organisation.
The New Shop Floor Management will address the importance of shop floor management, providing ideas, techniques, concepts and philosophy necessary to practice better shop floor management, illustrating how these are applied in different companies, encouraging participants to take significant steps towards continuous improvement that involve everybody, upgrading skills and deepening the insights for self management to maximize everybody’s’ potential .In short rather than viewing the shop floor only from the top down, this session attempts to address the organisations needs from shop floor up, presenting a new perspective of the shop floor and its’ linkage to the total organisation.
Professor and Director, A.K Choudhury School of Information Technology, University of Calcutta
Part 1: Background (1.5hrs)
1.1. Relevance of Moore’s Law in Present Computing Systems
1.2. Modern Hardware Designing in ASIC and FPGAs
1.3. Design of Embedded System and System on Chips (SoCs)
1.3.1. IP based SoC Life Cycle
1.3.2. SoC Design Flow
1.3.3. SoC Verification Flow
1.3.4. SoC Test Flow
1.4. Security vs Test/Debug
1.5. Importance of Hardware Security
Part 2: Attacks: Analysis, Examples and Threat Models (2.5hrs)
2.1. Hardware Trojans
2.1.1. Structure and Modeling
2.1.2. Taxonomy
2.1.3. Benchmarks
2.2. Counterfeiting/ Electronic Supply Chain Vulnerability
2.2.1. Steps of Electronic Supply Chain (Design/Fabrication/Assembly/Distribution/Lifetime/End of Life)
2.2.2. Supply Chain Issues
2.2.3. Security Concerns
2.2.4. Trust Issues
2.3. IP Piracy and Reverse Engineering
2.3.1. What are Hardware IPs? (Hard IPs and Soft IPs)
2.3.2. Related Security Issues
2.3.2.1. Overproduction
2.3.2.2. IP Piracy
2.3.2.3. Reverse Engineering
2.4. Side Channel Attacks
2.4.1. Timing based Side Channel Attacks
2.4.2. Power based Side Channel Attacks
2.4.3. Electromagnetic based Side Channel Attacks
2.4.4. Fault Injection Attacks
2.4.5. Covert Channels
Part 3: Countermeasures (2hrs)
3.1. Test Time Detection Strategies
3.1.1. Logic Testing
3.1.2. Side Channel Analysis
3.1.3. Physical Testing
3.2. Authentication based Strategies
3.2.1. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs)
3.2.2. Proof Carrying Codes (PCCs)
3.2.3. Watermarking
3.3. Obfuscation Strategies
3.4. Runtime Mitigation Mechanisms
3.4.1. Redundancy based Techniques
3.4.2. Self Aware Techniques
Part 4: Simulation Models (2hrs)
4.1. General Designing on FPGAs and ASICs
4.2. Generating Attacks on Designs implemented in FPGA and ASIC Platforms
4.3. Securing the Designs
Professor and Director, A.K Choudhury School of Information Technology, University of Calcutta
Part 1: Background (1.5 hrs.)
a) On-Chip Power Distribution Network.
b) Decoupling Capacitance.
c) Power-grid modelling and voltage-drop analysis.
d) Impact of supply noise on circuit performance.
e) Active supply-voltage regulation and supply-noise measurement.
Part 2: Vector-less Analysis Of Supply-Noise Induced Delay Variation (2.5 hrs.)
a) Delay model for supply fluctuations.
b) Voltage-drop sensitivity computation.
c) Block-current constraints.
d) Overall path-based delay-maximization formulation.
e) Block-based circuit-delay model.
Part 3: Power-Supply-Drop Analysis (1.0 hrs)
a) Constraint-based early supply-drop analysis.
b) Statistical supply-drop analysis.
c) Global-optimization approaches.
Part 4: Inductance, Locality And Resonance In Power Supply Networks (1.5 hrs)
a) Full-wave on-die inductive effects.
b) Mid-size model and capacitive effects.
c) Complete package-die model.
d) CAD implications.
Part 5: Digital Circuit-Techniques For Active Inductive-Supply-Noise Suppression (1.5 hrs.)
a) Charge-injection-based active decoupling circuit.
b) High-voltage charge-pump-based active decoupling circuit.
c) High-voltage shunt-supply-based active decoupling circuit.
d) Digital on-chip oscilloscope for supply-noise measurement.
Professor and Director, A.K Choudhury School of Information Technology, University of Calcutta
Part 1: Background (1 hrs.)
1.1 Radiation Sources
1.2 Radiation Interactions
a) Energy loss through collision (heavy particles).
b) Energy loss of electrons and positrons.
c) Bremsstrahlung.
d) Cherenkov and Transition radiation.
e) Photo effect.
f) Compton scattering and pair production.
Part 2: Effect of radiation on solid state devices (2hrs.)
a) Lattice displacement.
b) Ionization effects.
c) Resultant effects.
d) Total ionizing dose effects.
e) Transient dose effects.
Part 3: Various fault models (1.5 hrs)
a) Stuck at fault.
b) Soft error.
c) Transient error.
d) Permanent error.
Part 4: Performance of various commercially available computing devices like in presence of radiation (1.5 hrs)
a) Audrino and Rasberi pi as IoT node.
b) FPGA and Reconfigurable devices.
c) ASICs.
Part 5: Various kinds of error mitigation methods (1 hrs.)
a) TMR.
b) CED.
c) Various error correcting and detecting code.
Part 6: Basic fabrication methodology for development of radiation hardened devices (1hrs.)
a) Development of Radiation Hardened Deceives.
b) Various kind of shielding.
